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Application Notes

• Download
  Bridge Circuits &mdash AN43
  PDF, 3.8 Mb, File published: Jun 1, 1990
  Subtitled "Marrying Gain and Balance," this note covers signal conditioning circuits for various types of bridges. Included are transducer bridges, AC bridges, Wien bridge oscillators, Schottky bridges, and others. Special attention is given to amplifier selection criteria. Appended sections cover strain gauge transducers, understanding distortion measurements, and historical perspectives on bridge readout mechanisms and Wein bridge oscillators.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 43
  June 1990
  Bridge Circuits
  Marrying Gain and Balance
  Jim Williams
  Bridge circuits are among the most elemental and powerful
  electrical tools. They are found in measurement, switching, oscillator and transducer circuits. Additionally, bridge
  techniques are broadband, serving from DC to bandwidths
  well into the GHz range. The electrical analog of the mechanical beam balance, they are also the progenitor of all
  electrical differential techniques. and stability of the basic configuration. In particular, transducer manufacturers are quite adept at adapting the bridge
  to their needs (see Appendix A, “Strain Gauge Bridges”).
  Careful matching of the transducer’s mechanical characteristics to the bridge’s electrical response can provide a
  trimmed, calibrated output. Similarly, circuit designers
  have altered performance by adding active elements (e.g.,
  amplifiers) to the bridge, excitation source or both. Resistance Bridges
  Figure 1 shows a basic resistor bridge. The circuit is
  usually credited to Charles Wheatstone, although S. H.
  Christie, who demonstrated it in 1833, almost certainly
  preceded him.1 If all resistor values are equal (or the two
  sides ratios are equal) the differential voltage is zero. The
  excitation voltage does not alter this, as it affects both
  sides equally. When the bridge is operating off null, the
  excitation’s magnitude sets output sensitivity. The bridge …

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  Measurement and Control Circuit Collection &mdash AN45
  PDF, 1.2 Mb, File published: Jun 5, 1991
  A variety of measurement and control circuits are included in this application note. Eighteen circuits, including ultra low noise amplifiers, current sources, transducer signal conditioners, oscillators, data converters and power supplies are presented. The circuits emphasize precision specifications with relatively simple configurations.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 45
  June 1991
  Measurement and Control Circuit Collection
  Diapers and Designs on the Night Shift
  Jim Williams
  Introduction
  During my wife’s pregnancy I wondered what it would
  really be like when the baby was finally born. Before that
  time, there just wasn’t much mothering and fathering to
  do. As a consolation, we busied ourselves watching the
  baby’s heartbeat (Figure 1) on a thrown-together fetal heart
  monitor (see References). feedings. As such, the circuits are annotated with the
  number of feedings required for their completion; e.g., a
  “3-bottle circuit” took three feedings. The circuit’s degree
  of difficulty, and Michael’s degree of cooperation, combined
  to determine the bottle rating, which is duly recorded in
  each figure.
  Low Noise and Drift Chopped Bipolar Amplifier
  Figure 2’s circuit combines the low noise of an LT®1028
  with a chopper based carrier modulation scheme to achieve
  an extraordinarily low noise, low drift DC amplifier. DC
  drift and noise performance exceed any currently available
  monolithic amplifier. Offset is inside 1ОјV, with drift less …

• Download
  Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III &mdash AN67
  PDF, 1.2 Mb, File published: Sep 1, 1996
  Application Note 67 is a collection of circuits for data conversion, interface and signal processing from the first five years of Linear Technology. This application note includes circuits such as fast video multiplexers for high speed video, an ultraselective bandpass filter circuit with adjustable gain, and a fully differential, 8-channel, 12-bit A/D system. The categories included in this app note are data conversion, interface, filters, instrumentation, video/op amps and miscellaneous circuits.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 67
  September 1996
  Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III
  Data Conversion, Interface and Signal Processing
  Richard Markell, Editor
  INTRODUCTION
  Application Note 67 is a collection of circuits from the first
  five years of Linear Technology, targeting data conversion,
  interface and signal processing applications. This
  Application Note includes circuits such as fast video
  multiplexers for high speed video, an ultraselective
  bandpass filter circuit with adjustable gain and a fully differential, 8-channel, 12-bit A/D system. The categories
  included herein are data conversion, interface, filters,
  instrumentation, video/op amps and miscellaneous
  circuits. Application Note 66, which covers power products
  and circuits from Linear Technology ’s first five years, is
  also available from LTC. ARTICLE INDEX
  Data Conversion . 3
  Fully Differential, 8-Channel, 12-Bit A/D System Using the LTCВ®1390 and LTC1410 . 3
  12-Bit DAC Applications . 5
  LTC1329 Micropower, 8-Bit, Current Output DAC Used for Power Supply Adjustment,
  Trimmer Pot Replacement . 7
  12-Bit Cold Junction Compensated, Temperature Control System with Shutdown . 8 …

Design Notes

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  Designing with a New Family of Instrumentation Amplifiers &mdash DN40
  PDF, 554 Kb, File published: Oct 1, 1990
  Extract from the document

  Designing with a New Family of Instrumental Amplifiers
  Design Note 40
  Jim Williams
  A new family of IC instrumentation amplifiers achieves
  performance and cost advantages over other alternatives.
  Conceptually, an instrumentation amplifier is simple.
  Figure 1 shows that the device has passive, fully differential inputs, a single ended output and internally set
  gain. Additionally, the output is delivered with respect to
  the reference pin, which is usually grounded. Maintaining
  high performance with these features is difficult, accounting for the cost-performance disadvantages previously
  associated with instrumentation amplifiers.
  Figure 2 summarizes specifications for the amplifier
  family. The LTC В®1100 has the extremely low offset, drift,
  and bias current associated with chopper stabilization
  techniques. The LTВ®1101 requires only 105ВµA of supply
  current while retaining excellent DC characteristics. The
  FET input LT1102 features high speed while maintaining
  +
  – → NO FEEDBACK RESISTORS USED
  в†’ GAIN FIXED INTERNALLY (TYP 10 OR 100)
  OR SOMETIMES RESITOR PROGRAMMABLE
  в†’ BALANCED, PASSIVE INPUTS
  в†’ …

Model Line

Manufacturer's Classification

• Signal Conditioning > Amplifiers > Instrumentation Amplifiers
• Signal Conditioning > Amplifiers > Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) > High Voltage Amplifiers (>12V)