Articles - 6

Type-N and 7/16 DIN connectors As stated in Part 1, the Type-N connector was introduced in 1942. Still commonly used today, this connector, which employs threaded coupling, is known for its durability. Standard Type-N connectors perform to 11 GHz, ...

Figure 1 shows a typical using of LM350 ( LM317 ) adjustable regulator when you need to adjust its output voltage. Figure 1. This voltage is approximately given here as: The potentiometer R2 is often the most unreliable part of the circuit. As ...

The design of a standard inverting integrator is simple when bipolar supplies are available, but it's cumbersome with a unipolar supply. To allow adequate headroom for the output, the circuit must be biased away from ground, often at half the ...

Although often taken for granted, coaxial connectors are a key aspect of any RF/microwave application. While they may receive less attention than other components, connectors nonetheless must provide adequate performance to avoid any system ...

Trying to shield ambient light from your photo circuit is not a trivial task. You would think that you could just cover your circuit with your hands, but that is not a solution: Pulse oximeters depend on the translucency of flesh. Covering the ...

A spectrally pure sine wave oscillator is required for data converter; filter and audio testing. Figure 1 provides a stable frequency output with extremely low distortion. This quartz stabilized 4 kHz oscillator has less than 9 ppm (0.0009%) ...

Many applications, such as medical therapies, magnetic stirrers, and induction heating, call for a rotating magnetic field, which you can generate by attaching multiple permanent magnets to a dc motor. This technique involves problems, including ...

It’s the mid 1990’s and I am a design engineer for a company that designs and manufactures custom measurement systems and high power electronics. Our customers range from experimental fusion reactor operators to electric utilities. One ...

You can effectively double the sample rate of a DAC by interleaving two DACs into a single unit. Updating each DAC on an alternating basis and switching to the appropriate output double the effective throughput of the overall system. It is ...

At times, designers face a limited amount of wire and/or a limited cost to communicate with a remote device such as a sensor. Many devices allow communication over an ac or dc power line employing an AM or FM modulation scheme. However, they tend ...