Ron Mancini

AC signals can emanate from many sources, and many of these sources are incompatible with the most popular interface voltages, such as TTL. A temptation always exists to capacitively couple the ac signals because...

Converting periodic waveforms to square waves is an integral part of extracting a clock signal from data, creating waveform generators, and making timing-pulse generators. Any square-wave-conversion circuit is more...

The transfer gain of optical sensors spans a 16-to-1 ratio because of variations in the LED, phototransistor, ambient temperature, and optical path. The wide transfer-gain variation complicates output-resistor selection...

One problem with standard FET gain-control circuits is increased noise when you use the FET as a part of a resistive attenuator in series with an op amp. This configuration attenuates the signal before amplification;...