With a fortnight’s struggle, I completed the design of 4 mA to 20 mA, two-wire temperature transmitter using a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor, as shown in Figure...
A two-wire temperature transmitter using an RTD sensor
Circuit controls microneedle etching
At its invention roughly four decades ago, STM created a sensation because it was the first technology to make atomic-scale-resolution imaging a routine procedure. An essential requirement for the practical application of STM is some means for the reproducible fabrication of supersharp, atomic-scale needle tips...
Simple, low-voltage charge-pumps. Part 2 - Alternatives
The voltage booster is a 'true' charge pump. When the output of the 555 is low...
Vishay Intertechnology introduces new high-reliability isolation amplifiers with industry-leading CMTI for precision applications
Vishay Intertechnology announced the release of its latest isolation amplifiers, the VIA0050DD, VIA0250DD, and VIA2000SD. These new devices offer enhanced performance for a wide range of industrial, automotive, and medical applications...
Power amplifiers that oscillate - deliberately. Part 2 - A crafty conclusion
In this second part, we’ll turn that semi-decency into something even more respectable, concentrating on minimizing distortion and ignoring the siren song of raw power...
Simple, low-voltage charge-pumps. Part 1 - Operating principle
These ultra-simple projects are intended to provide two simple functions without the need for transformers or 'esoteric' parts...
Power amplifiers that oscillate - deliberately. Part 1 - A simple start
When audio power amplifiers oscillate, the result is often smoke, perhaps with a well-cooked PCB and a side order of fried tweeter. This two-part Design Idea (DI) shows some interesting ways of (mis-)using a common power amp to produce deliberate oscillations of varying qualities...
Build a simple, soft-action muting switch
The circuit adds a soft muting switch with power-up/power-down muting to a line-level audio circuit...
How hot swap circuits and controllers work
Most mission-critical systems need to be designed for near-zero downtime throughout their useful life. So, if a component of such a system fails or needs updating, it must be replaced without interrupting the rest of the system...
A single op-amp solution to stabilize laser output
Semiconductor laser diodes are often packaged with a photodiode. The output current from this photodiode can be monitored to regulate the output power intensity of the laser diode...
