Dhananjay Gadre

There is much interest in LED-based lighting due to the availability of high-power, high-efficiency white – and other-color – LEDs (Reference 1). Because an LED is a current-controlled device, typical control circuits regulate the current through the LED to maintain...

Batteries are the typical power sources for portable-system applications, and it is not unusual these days to find microcontroller-based portable systems. A variety of microcontrollers operates at low power-supply voltages, such as 1.8 V. Thus you can employ two AA or AAA cells...