Dusan Ponikvar

Some of the electrical signals we work with are said to be “floating” with respect to ground. A typical example might be a voltage drop over a shunt resistor in a power supply or a complex biomedical...

When you need an analog output from a microcontroller that does not have a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), you can connect an external DAC chip. But for a cheaper solution, use a pulse-width modulated (PWM) output...

Contemporary power supplies use switching techniques to achieve the desired output voltage from the primary source. Switching power supplies, however, are often too noisy to be used in sensitive analog circuits. You may...

Dušan Ponikvar, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia EDN Often a measurement of weak signals has to be performed in the presence of strong interference from the ac power mains. If the interfering...