.. the Wikipedia article ( Ref. 3 ) disillusioned me, instructive though it was; it also explains the workarounds that SPICE uses. A real-life approach was needed which is often more fun, anyway. My original starting-point was the ...
Capacitance sensors measure a wide variety of physical quantities, such as position, acceleration, pressure and fluid level. The capacitance changes are often much smaller than stray capacitances, especially if the sensor is remotely placed. I ...
Figure 1 shows a chopped amplifier that requires only 5.5 µA supply current. Offset Voltage is 5 µV, with 0.05 µV/ C drift. A gain exceeding 10 8 affords high accuracy, even at large closed-loop gains. Figure 1. 0.05 µV/ C ...
The bandpass filter circuit shown in Figure 1 features an electronically controlled Q. Q for a bandpass filter is defined as the ratio of the 3 dB pass bandwidth to the stop bandwidth at some specified attenuation. The center frequency of the ...
Digitally controlled gain is an everyday analog-design element. You frequently find this element in an op-amp-based, transimpedance current-to-voltage converter. When you design digital gain control into such a converter, the usual scheme is to ...
This article explains the basis for achieving an optimized board layout, a critical aspect in the design of switch-mode power supplies. A good layout ensures stable functioning of the switching regulator and minimizes radiated interference as well ...
It is known that the p-n diode can be the basis of an accurate thermometer for cryogenic temperatures up to about 200 C. A constant current is maintained through the diode and the voltage across it gives an indication of the temperature. The ...
The need for conditioning low-level ac signals in the presence of both common-mode noise and differential dc voltage prevails in many applications. In such situations, ac-coupling to instrumentation and difference amplifiers is mandatory to extract ...
Many portable appliances and other products that must operate from a single cell are restricted to working at very low voltages. It is thus difficult to drive white LEDs that typically have a forward voltage of 3 to 5 V. The ability to flash the ...
Almost all precision voltage-to-frequency converters (V-F) utilize charge pump based feedback for stability. These schemes rely on a capacitor for stability. A great deal of effort towards this approach has resulted in high performance V-F ...