Circuits & Schematics - Measurement - 3

Mystery solved? Not quite. I made a test coupon of the output transmission line and measured it. Over the crossover region, it showed a mere 0.04 dB loss with increasing frequency, much less than the measured result. I turned my attention back to ...

Students, hobbyists, and professionals today enjoy unprecedented access to powerful and affordable test equipment for understanding and building electronic projects. But as enthusiast projects have become more advanced and ambitious, it is still ...

This circuit is a simple sweep generator. The sawtooth is generated by the PNP transistor and the 555 . The transistor together with the 2 diodes at the base form a constant current source which charges the 330 nF capacitor. If 2/3V CC (=6 V) is ...

This dummy-load circuit has been in use at Maxim for more than 10 years (see the Figure 1). It's useful for testing power supplies and power amplifiers as well as drivers for LEDs, relays, and solenoids. Plus, it overcomes the limitations of ...

I was surprised recently when a (nearly) two-decade-old design idea of mine for take-back-half temperature control ( Ref. 1 ) got a question from reader John Louis Waugaman. John says he needs a way to control the temperature of batches of rising ...

The excellent linearity of integrated-circuit temperature sensors makes them ideal for direct analog compensation of the thermally induced errors inherent in many circuits. For example, a negative-sloped temperature sensor could compensate for an ...

Usually, noise annoys. Occasionally, it can be a valuable tool. Surprisingly, there is a whole palette of noise colors [ 1 ]. This design idea (DI) shows good ways of generating the commonest and most useful ones, which are white [ 2 ] and pink [ 3 ...

Implementation details Loop area R1/C1/R3 should be minimized for best EMI rejection (Figure 3). Additionally, R1/C1 should be very well shielded from electrical fields, which will be discussed further in the EMI Considerations section. Although ...

The oscillator was intended for other purposes, but unexpectedly its breadboard prototype became in great demand for evaluating the performance of operational amplifiers purchased on well-known Internet sites. The simplest test of the op amp ...

Noise in electrical circuits is typically the enemy, and any self-respecting circuit should output as little noise as possible. Nevertheless, there are cases where a well-characterized source of noise with no other signal is entirely the desired ...