.. can be positive, negative, or, in the case of a perfect match between R 3 and R 4 , zero. The circuit is tested for R 3 = 10.001 kΩ and R 4 = 10 kΩ 1%. As Figure 4 shows, the transfer function is perfectly linear (the R 2 factor equals unity) ...
.. (MSBY+LSBY/256)/256. The asterisked resistors are 0.25% precision types. It is assumed that the PWM frequency (F PWM ) is ~10 kHz. Two 8-bit resolution PWM signals with a rep rate of ~10 kHz serve as inputs, one for the most significant byte ...
Recently (5/21/25), I published a Design Idea (DI) describing a bidirectional current mirror using just two transistors and a diode, “A two-way mirror current mirror that is” ( Ref. 1 ). That circuit works well in some applications, ...
.. loop somewhat under-damped at low frequencies, but are a good compromise. The spectra with unloaded outputs at 0 dBV and 10 dBV are both shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. The spectra for 1 kHz outputs at 0 dBV and 10 dBV, showing THDs of around ...
.. that to 12 V made only one change to the performance: the output became very, very loud. And it drew around an amp with a 10 Ω load. And it could do with a heatsink. And a TDA7056A/B rather than a ’52. The Vcon input on pin 4 is not ...
.. most critical, as that determines the ripple on the output voltage. Using 100 uF, you can expect fairly low ripple with a 10 mA load. More than around 220 uF is unlikely to provide much benefit. Expect less than 1.5 mV (3 mV for the inverting ...
.. little, and ripple is increased. 100 uF is a good 'general purpose' value, but if the required current is less than 10 mA, the caps can be reduced. I don't recommend anything less than 33 uF though, because the 555 timer doesn't ...
Designing an analog circuit can be a frustrating experience, as noted by Nick Cornford in his Design Idea (DI), “DIY RTD for a DMM” ( Ref. 1 ). With a fortnight’s struggle, I completed the design of 4 mA to 20 mA, two-wire ...
.. Automatic low-power sleep mode when input supply voltage is removed Status Indication for LEDs or µP Interface C/10 charge termination Automatic recharge Battery temperature sensing Circuit diagram I have read the datasheet, and it ...