.. commodity components, one of which is the single resistor that programs it (R1). Its main limitation is a (conservative) 10 mA minimum output current: Output current = 1.25/R1 = 10 mA and = 1.5 A Accuracy (assuming perfect R1) = 2%. In other ...
.. and ATtiny84 processor. The constant-current circuit is based on an LT3080 regulator. This uses a current reference of 10 µA, rather than a voltage reference like regulators such as the LM317, and will operate down to 1.5 V and a few ...
.. hole in the jar lid. Figure 2. Cut ring from PVC pipe fitting. I soldered two wires onto the underside of a 5 volt 160 mA 10 cell 3” × 3” solar panel (Figure 3), then fed them through the hole before gluing the solar panel ...
This Design Idea (DI) offers an alternative solution for an application borrowed from frequent DI contributor R. Jayapal, presented in: “A 0-20 mA source current to 4-20 mA loop current converter” ( Ref. 1 ). It converts a 0/20 mA ...
A 4 to 20 mA loop current is a popular terminology with Instrumentation/Electronics engineers in process industries. Field transmitters like pressure, temperature, flow, etc., give out 4 to 20 mA current signals corresponding to the respective ...
.. Even if U 2A has a gain of 5 to convert F B ’s 600 mV to 3 V, this becomes only 125 µV. Bias current is 10-pA maximum at 25 C, but we are given a typical value only at 125 C of 250 pA. Of the two op-amps, U 2B sees the ...
.. characteristic. The combination of high gate resistance of the GaAs FET, the low-leakage Schottky diode, D 2 , and the 10-µF capacitor, C 1 , provides a high V GG RC time constant when the 5 V supply is off (in other words, at 0 V). ...
.. voltage, IC 1 includes an undervoltage-lockout feature that allows operation only when the line voltage is greater than 10 V. To protect against overvoltage, the circuit includes a three-transistor, no-bias-current, 50-nsec-operation ...
.. At the other extreme, under otherwise identical conditions, a V GS of 3.5 V will guarantee a drain current of less than 10 µA. For such, U 1 and the circuit as a whole will operate properly at a V S of 5 VDC. Higher temperatures might ...
.. 2 is used: (2) Equating the previous equations gives Equation 3: (3) So (4) From this, (5) Using preferred values, let R3 = 10 kΩ and R2 = 180 kΩ. This gives an upper limit of 29 V and a lower limit of 5.09 V. This is perfect for a ...