Circuits & Schematics: -Wire Barometer 5/10 Volt Design vrs - 6

51. Inherently DC accurate 16-bit PWM TBH DAC
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Supply Texas Instruments SN74AC04 OPA197
    .. precision,” some have inaccuracy and integral nonlinearity (INL) that significantly exceed 1 LSB. The TBH PWM-based design detailed here, by contrast, has inherent 16-bit DC accuracy and integral linearity limited only by the ...
    Jul 8, 2025

52. 1 amp current injector circuit
    David A. Johnson
    Circuits Measurement Supply Texas Instruments LM385-1.2 LM393 TLC555
    .. is 0.000001 ohms. I often use it to measure contact resistance of a relay or the resistance of big chunk of heavy gauge wire or the resistance of a copper trace on a circuit board. You can also use it to measure the voltage drop of a ...
    Jun 26, 2025

53. Simple PWM interface can program regulators for V_OUT < V_SENSE
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Supply Microcontrollers Usage Texas Instruments TPS62933
    .. recently published a Design Idea (DI) showing some very simple circuits for PWM programming of standard regulator chips, both linear and ...
    Jun 24, 2025
54. Use a three-phase rectifier and voltage reducer for offline single-phase supplies
    Alberto Abal Pena Carlos Castro-Miguens José Benito Castro-Miguens Marcos Pérez-Suárez
    Circuits Supply Power Diodes TL431
    .. or higher line-to-line three-phase voltage. You can feed this value from two or three phases with or without the neutral wire or from just one phase with the neutral wire. This circuit omits two diodes from the typical three-phase ...
    Jun 23, 2025
55. Designing 1 kW sine wave inverter circuit
    R. V. Dhekale
    Circuits Supply Power Texas Instruments CD4047B
    .. At this instant, adjust preset VR2 such that Zener diode ZD2 and transistor T9 conduct to drop the collector voltage to 0.7 volt keeping LED2 ‘off.’ If the supply voltage goes below 10.5 volts, the voltage across the load ...
    .. ‘off.’ When a proper load is connected, the inverter will automatically turn on. Sine wave inverter PCB design An actual-size, single-side PCB for the pure sine wave inverter circuit is shown in Figures 5 and 6. Figure ...
    Jun 18, 2025
56. A two-way Wilson current mirror
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Analogue Design Texas Instruments LMC555
    .. (5/21/25), I published a Design Idea (DI) describing a bidirectional current mirror using just two transistors and a diode, “A two-way ...
    Jun 12, 2025
57. Power amplifiers that oscillate - deliberately. Part 2 - A crafty conclusion
    Nick Cornford
    Circuits Analogue Design Audio Oscillators Microchip MCP6002 MCP6022
    .. the first part ( Ref. 1 ) of this Design Idea (DI), we saw how to use the TDA7052A (or similar) power amp to build a minimalist siren-type power ...
    Jun 12, 2025
58. Power amplifiers that oscillate - deliberately. Part 1 - A simple start
    Nick Cornford
    Circuits Analogue Design Audio Oscillators NXP TDA7052A TDA7056A TDA7056B
    .. oscillate, the result is often smoke, perhaps with a well-cooked PCB and a side order of fried tweeter. This two-part Design Idea (DI) shows some interesting ways of (mis-)using a common power amp to produce deliberate oscillations of ...
    Jun 12, 2025
59. A two-wire temperature transmitter using an RTD sensor
    Jayapal Ramalingam
    Circuits Analogue Design Measurement Texas Instruments INA122 LM334 XTR116U CD40106B
    .. “DIY RTD for a DMM” ( Ref. 1 ). With a fortnight’s struggle, I completed the design of 4 mA to 20 mA, two-wire temperature transmitter using a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor, as shown in Figure 1. ...
    .. an analog circuit can be a frustrating experience, as noted by Nick Cornford in his Design Idea (DI), “DIY RTD for a DMM” ( Ref. 1 ). With a fortnight’s struggle, I completed the ...
    Jun 11, 2025
60. Circuit controls microneedle etching
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Automation Measurement Supply Texas Instruments LM324 LM7812
    .. fabrication of supersharp, atomic-scale needle tips. One way to make the tips is to etch them from short pieces of platinum wire in a calcium-chloride electrolyte bath. Applying an ac voltage between the electrolyte and the wire generates a ...
    .. offset error generally limits sensitivity to input spans no smaller than some hundreds of millivolts. The converter in this design avoids these faults and adds a number of new and useful features. The differential ac signal to be rectified ...
    Jun 9, 2025

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