Obtain tighter stop band impedance variance via the techniques detailed in this tutorial. Input impedances presented by lowpass and highpass filters in their respective stop bands are usually not controlled and can vary quite widely. Sometimes ...
The term bandwidth is used and abused in many situations. I recall one meeting where the word was used to refer to: the frequency content of a particular signal, the frequency response of a specific circuit, the speed of our local area network and ...
Applications such as audio equalizers require bandpass filters with a constant maximum gain that's independent of the filter's quality factor, Q. However, all of the well-known filter architectures Sallen-Key, multiple-feedback, ...
High school trigonometry combined with four-quadrant multipliers can be exploited to yield sinusoidal frequency doublers. Nothing non-linear is involved, which means no possibly strident filtering requirements. Starting with some sinusoidal signal ...
From the micromixer topology by Barrie Gilbert [ 1 ], this amplifier allows a single-ended input to be converted to a Class A/B current output from a single supply. As shown in Figure 1 with an LTspice implementation, the circuit employs 6 bipolar ...
Capturing transient analog signals with a microcontroller normally involves adding a full-fat peak-hold circuit as an external peripheral. This novel approach minimizes that extra hardware by using a µP’s ability to switch its pins ...
A previous article suggests that most digital output waveforms follow a nearly Gaussian profile ( Reference 1 ). Let’s test that theory. Figure 1 depicts the rising edge from a Texas Instruments DL100-44T LVDS ...
Which step in Figure 1 best approximates the digital signals you work with every day? The piecewise-linear step starts with a jerk, mindlessly follows a perfectly uniform ramp, and smacks hard into its upper limit. Real signals don’t do that. ...
Filtering occurs frequently in the analog world. Unfortunately, in the digital world, engineers apply it mainly to the DSPs (digital-signal processors) and not to the small 8-bit microcontrollers that designers commonly use. This situation occurs ...
Designers use PSpice mainly to simulate analog circuits. However, you can also simulate digital filters with it. The main components in a digital filter are delay elements, adders, and multipliers. Although you can implement adders and multipliers ...