Articles - Analogue Design

Voltage to current conversion circuits can take on several forms depending on the nature of the load connections. In those cases where the load is single ended, that is one end must be connected to ground, and where bipolar current flow is ...

Most operational amplifiers (op amps) have input and output electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diodes, as shown in Figure 1. These diodes are designed for protection from ESD damage during device testing and product assembly. Figure 1. Op ...

From the micromixer topology by Barrie Gilbert [ 1 ], this amplifier allows a single-ended input to be converted to a Class A/B current output from a single supply. As shown in Figure 1 with an LTspice implementation, the circuit employs 6 bipolar ...

Introduction High precision op amps enable system designers to create circuits that condition signals (amplify, filter, and buffer) while maintaining the precision of the original signal. When information is contained in very small variations of ...

I would sometimes have to interview someone to fill an engineering position in my company. Which company that was, changed from time to time, but I needed a way to see just how competent someone was at circuit analysis, somebody with whom I would ...

Digital potentiometers (“Dpots”) are a diverse and useful category of digital/analog components with up to a 10-bit resolution, element resistance from 1k to 1M, and voltage capability up to and beyond 15v. However, most are limited to ...

This design idea is centered on the humble on/off/on toggle switch, which is great for selecting something/nothing/something else, but can be frustrating when three active options are needed. One possibility is to use the contacts to connect extra, ...

The circuit in Figure 1 computes the derivative of an input signal as the integral of the input signal minus the signal itself. Figure 1. This circuit produces less noise than the classic inverting differentiator. The response of the circuit is ...

Simulating the output-offset current of a current mirror is straightforward. You simply have to apply an input current, measure the output current, and calculate the difference. This output-offset current, however, is not equal to the input-offset ...

Nearly four decades ago (in his Designs for High Performance Voltage-to-Frequency Converters, Ref. 1 ), famed designer Jim Williams cataloged five fundamental techniques for voltage to frequency conversion. One of those five is reproduced in Figure ...