Circuits & Schematics: -Wire Barometer 5/10 Volt Design vrs - 9

81. Method sets voltage in multiple-output converters
    Robert Bell
    Circuits Supply onsemi MC33023 MBR2030CTL MURS120T3
    .. current only during its on time, and an internal resistive-voltage drop exists in the secondary output. Therefore, the volt-time product of the main transformer's secondary output is not exactly zero, which is a required condition ...
    .. you design a transformer for any power converter, you face several compromises. You must trade off core size against the ...
    Mar 8, 2023

82. 5V powered, 0.0015% linearity, quartz-stabilized V-F converter
    Jim Williams
    Circuits Measurement Analog Devices LT1461 LT1671 LT1884 LTC1043
    .. C temperature coefficient. A1 servo controls A2 FET switched current sink via clock synchronized flip-flop to maintain zero volt summing junction (Σ). Loop repetition frequency directly conforms to input voltage. In charge pump ...
    .. attention to compensating the capacitor’s drift with temperature. Although this can be done, it complicates the design. Similarly, capacitor dielectric absorption causes errors, limiting linearity to typically 0.01%. Figure ...
    Aug 29, 2023
83. Brute force mitigation of PWM VDD and ground "saturation" errors
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Measurement Microcontrollers Usage Texas Instruments TLV9162 SN74AC04
    .. circuits. Figure 2 is one practical possibility. Figure 2. A practical source for V+ and V- set R1 and R2 = 200k for ∆ = 1 volt. The Figure 2 circuit was originally described in “Efficient digitally regulated bipolar voltage rail ...
    .. levels in response to the corresponding digital states. Sometimes however, as Christopher Paul observes in the cited design idea (Part 1 of a 4-part series), they don’t. The mechanism behind these deviations isn’t ...
    Sep 23, 2024
84. 80 MHz VFC with prescaler and preaccumulator
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Measurement Analog Devices LT1027
    .. is about 18 mA at 80 MHz, which luckily the LT1027 reference is rated to handle. Just. Figure 2. Rail booster and 5.000 volt precision voltage reference. The 16x preaccumulator U2 allows use of microcontroller onboard counter-timer ...
    .. parts count) than the King’s? It’s partly the self-compensating TBH diode charge pump described in an earlier Design Idea: “Take-back-half precision diode charge pump” ( Reference 2 ). It also gets help from AC ...
    Oct 28, 2024
85. Synthesize precision bipolar Dpot rheostats
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Analogue Design Microchip MCP4131 TN0104 TP2104
    .. conduct and bypass the transistor if the reverse polarity source-drain differential is ever more than a few tenths of a volt. Figure 4 shows the simplest (not very simple) solution I’ve been able to come up with. Figure 4. Two ...
    .. significant crossover distortion can be expected to creep in for low signal amplitudes and frequencies above 10 kHz or so. Design equations are unchanged from Figure 2. Materials on the topic Datasheet Microchip MCP4131 Datasheet Texas ...
    Dec 17, 2024
86. Can a free running LMC555 VCO discharge its timing cap to zero?
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Analogue Design Oscillators Texas Instruments LMC555
    .. In fact, at the price of an extra resistor, it might be possible to improve linearity enough to pick up another half a volt and half an octave on both ends of the pitch range to span 177 Hz to 1410 Hz. See Figure 4 and Figure 5. Figure ...
    .. design idea (DI) contributor Nick Cornford recently published a synergistic pair of DIs “A pitch-linear VCO, ...
    Mar 24, 2025
87. Designing 1 kW sine wave inverter circuit
    R. V. Dhekale
    Circuits Supply Power Texas Instruments CD4047B
    .. At this instant, adjust preset VR2 such that Zener diode ZD2 and transistor T9 conduct to drop the collector voltage to 0.7 volt keeping LED2 ‘off.’ If the supply voltage goes below 10.5 volts, the voltage across the load ...
    .. ‘off.’ When a proper load is connected, the inverter will automatically turn on. Sine wave inverter PCB design An actual-size, single-side PCB for the pure sine wave inverter circuit is shown in Figures 5 and 6. Figure ...
    Jun 18, 2025
88. Ultra-low-noise phantom microphone supply uses tiny DC-DC converter plus capacitor "trick"
    Christopher Jarboe Thomas Mosteller
    Circuits Audio Supply Analog Devices LT8362
    .. that the required capacitors are both big and expensive. A second approach would be to increase the LT8362 output by a volt or two and add an LDO regulator to the output. This, however, requires a high-voltage LDO regulator, which ...
    .. up on bulk-output capacitor C4 to maintain equivalent performance. References Nelson, Carl, Application Note 19: LT1070 Design Manual. Analog Devices Inc., June 1986. Williams, Jim, Application Note 101: Minimizing Switching Regulator ...
    Aug 25, 2025
89. Micropower CMOS oscillator, draws only 0.5 µA
    David A. Johnson
    Circuits Oscillators Beginners Texas Instruments CD4007UB
    .. than necessary. The circuit shown generates a low frequency square wave signal while drawing only 0.5 microamps from a 6 volt supply. The circuit uses a number of N and P channel MOSFETs, contained within an inexpensive CD4007UB IC. The ...
    .. contained within an inexpensive CD4007UB IC. The circuit is inspired by a classic bipolar emitter coupled oscillator design and works in much the same way. The first N channel transistor is biased to the mid-supply point. The gate of ...
    Aug 31, 2025
90. My 100-MHz VFC - the hardware version
    Jim McLucas
    Circuits Measurement Texas Instruments CD74HC14 SN74LVC1G14 74LVC1G74 TLA431 TLV9162
    .. sensitivity of the circuit to minute changes in the input voltage. The sensitivity is 100 MHz per 5 volts, i.e., 20 MHz per volt. That means a 1-mV change on the input results in a 20-kHz change in the output frequency! So, how do you supply ...
    .. a PCB, purchased the (mostly) surface-mount components, loaded and re-flow soldered them onto the PCB, and then tested the design. Figure 1. VFC design that operates from 100 kHz to beyond 100 MHz with a single 5-V supply, providing ...
    Nov 14, 2025

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