.. are multiple means of generating analog sawtooth waveforms. Here’s a method that employs a single supply voltage rail and is not finnicky about passive component values. Figure 1 shows a pair of circuits that use a ...
.. between output voltage and resistor mismatch. A possible drawback is the price: instrumentation amplifiers with a power supply of 5 V and more start at about 6.20 USD. Figure 3 shows another circuit using a dual op-amp, which is 2.6 ...
.. 1; For part values shown A cool feature of the Figure 1 topology is that, unlike some other schemes for digital power supply control, only the precision of R1, R2, and the regulator’s own internal voltage reference determines ...
.. which means a higher input voltage. Voltage faults can happen in one or two phases, and some applications require the power supply to keep working despite this problem. To handle these problems, you can use an uncontrolled rectifier and a ...
.. 500 mA due to the 50% duty cycle of the square-wave signal. As the load is increased, current consumption increases. The supply voltage to IC1 is limited to 5.1 volts by using Zener ZD1 and resistor R4 with the external battery. ...
.. respectable, concentrating on minimizing distortion and ignoring the siren song of raw power. We will also stick with a 5-V supply, even though the chip can handle up to 18 V. Figure 1 shows the new circuit. Figure 1. Adding more precise ...
.. an 8 Ω speaker. The square wave produced is somewhat asymmetrical, though good enough for alarm use. Figure 1 shows a 5-V supply. Raising that to 12 V made only one change to the performance: the output became very, very loud. And it drew ...
.. voltage booster is a 'true' charge pump. When the output of the 555 is low, C4 charges from the supply via D1. When the output goes high, the positive end of C4 is forced high (to +24 V in a perfect world), and ...
.. need for transformers or 'esoteric' parts. The first is a simple charge-pump voltage booster, that will raise your supply voltage by a factor of two - at least in theory. Reality is different, because there are losses in the 555 ...
.. room equipment, such as a distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), or indicator. A 24-V DC supply is fed from the control room, and the current drawn is proportional to the temperature. Since the power and ...