.. 20-turn primary winding and a 12-turn secondary winding, both fabricated from 0.2-mm-diameter, 0.008-in, AWG #32 magnet wire. When transistor Q 1 switches on, it induces a positive voltage in T 1 ’s secondary winding that switches ...
In most keypads, pressing a key closes a contact that bridges two lines in an xy matrix. If you use a microcontroller to detect a key closure, checking the states of (x+y) lines requires an equal number of I/O pins. Occupying only one free I/O pin, ...
.. from the load. The classic solution to poor load regulation due to interconnection resistance is, of course, the four-wire Kelvin connection, in which the regulator sense connections are run separately from the load current conductors. ...
.. the PCB, the diode laser, and the infrared sensor (Figure 4). I decided to choose a squared shape, so I could easily pass wire around the battery or other components. I wanted the tolerance to be very tight, so no screws would be used. As a ...
.. to design the needed signal-conditioning circuit described by: (4) Notice that comparing terms also shows how to correctly wire the inputs i.e., V B must be wired to the V (+) input and V A must be wired to the V ( ) input. IC1’s ...
.. for testing an installed cable for which both ends are in different locations. The circuit injects an ac signal on one wire of a cable and then looks for an absence of capacitive coupling to the other wires. After locating this fault, ...
.. the sound becomes modulated at a rate dependent on circuit resistance. The user can tell without looking if the path is a wire or not, preventing accidentally mistaking a component or coil as a wire connection. It can also indicate circuit ...
.. the 1 Ω output resistor. This voltage should be low enough that it won’t hurt or bias sensitive circuits. Four-wire probes with Kelvin connections near the tips are used because of the low voltages. The bias current flows through ...
.. low-cost alternative that provides not only a 4- to 20-mA output, but also a digital feedback signal that indicates an open wire in the current loop (Figure 1). One output-port pin sets the current, and one input-port pin monitors an open ...
.. thermal sensor (that chain is D1, Q4, Q5 in our case) is broken due to a bad contact in the socket or simply a break in a wire, this will inevitably generate a large and uncontrollable through current in the transistors Q1 and Q2. These ...