In process-control applications requiring discontinuous controllers, the most elementary choice is a two-position-mode or on/off controller. A typical example of such a controller is a space heater. If the temperature drops below a setpoint, the ...
Permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motors offer smaller solution size and increased efficiency in applications such as portable vacuums and cordless electric power tools. When designing an isolated power supply for PMDC motors, there are several ...
Many electronics circuits begin operation at voltages below 1.25 V. But popular adjustable regulators such as the LM317 , LM350 , and LM338 can provide output voltages only above 1.25 V, and the L200 minimum is higher at 2.85 V. Fixed-output ...
Audio amplifiers for high-power portable speakers such as trolley speakers usually operate with lithium-ion batteries, and these batteries can vary from a single cell to a few cells in series. Designers generally use boost converters to produce the ...
Since its invention over a half-century ago by Hanz Camenzind at Signetics, the familiar 555 analog timer (in league with its updated pin-compatible CMOS descendants) has become an iconic design element incorporated into useful standardized ...
A switched-mode power supply (SMPS) employing peak current-mode control (PCMC) requires a ramp signal to slope-compensate the inner (current) control loop. Slope compensation stabilizes the current loop, which would otherwise exhibit subharmonic ...
More than a half-century old, the ubiquitous and mind-bogglingly useful 555 analog timer has become a perennial object for both kudus and criticism. Most of the former and some of the latter is justified, but sometimes a supposed shortcoming will ...
A free-running generator built on the standard configuration of the 555 timer can't provide a duty cycle of exactly 50%. That's a well-known fact. Fortunately, there are several ways to get around this problem. The best is to place an extra ...
Introduction The high dv/dt and di/dt switching transients during MOSFET commutation are the chief sources of both conducted and radiated EMI from switching DC/DC regulators. While the optimization of PCB layout for gallium-nitride (GaN) switching ...
The human ear is very good at detecting noise or missing cycles in a waveform, and since we have two ears, we can monitor two signals at once. I recently repaired an older lab instrument containing a quadrature encoder made with an incandescent ...