.. pulses. In this case, the accuracy estimate of the high-voltage pulse is better than 0.5% at 25 kV. The free-running frequency of the converter depends on the time it takes to lead Q 1 out of saturation (first part of the cycle) ...
.. supply. The input EMI filter on the demo board, aided by the switching inductor, does a good job of taking care of high-frequency noise that appears in series with the input. The situation isn’t as good on the output. The ...
.. during relatively inactive periods and only increase it during the peaks, whether those were positive or negative, so that frequency and amplitude modulation would work hand in hand. The two basic options are to use the device’s ...
.. DIs. However, there are added features, and the functionality has been tested by simulation. Features My voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) circuit (Figure 1) has a high impedance input stage, it can operate reliably beyond 100 ...
.. effect). For the rise and fall time of a phototransistor, the following relationship applies: where f T is the transition frequency, C CB is the collector-base capacitance, V is the gain, and b is a constant whose value lies between 4 ...
.. that indicate analog levels via a moving-pointer meter, a numeric display, or a column of LEDs typically occupy considerable panel area and require more than a casual ...
.. the IC, Q 1 , and the load from further excessive current. An output short circuit causes the IC to reduce its clock frequency, protecting D 1 and L 1 from high continuous peak current. The power dissipated in R 1 , which can be a ...
.. one 16-bit DAC = V REF (MSBY+LSBY/256)/256. The asterisked resistors are 0.25% precision types. It is assumed that the PWM frequency (F PWM ) is ~10 kHz. Two 8-bit resolution PWM signals with a rep rate of ~10 kHz serve as inputs, one ...
.. are 180 degrees out of phase. Therefore IC1 is wired to produce two square-wave output signals at pins 10 and 11 with 50 Hz frequency, 50% duty cycle, and 180-degree phase shift. The oscillating frequency is decided by external preset ...
.. input loading (nominally 20k) and the variation of drive levels with different loads, it’s hard to calculate the frequency precisely. (The frequency-versus-R1 values shown are measured ones.) R2 is needed to reduce loading on ...