Circuits & Schematics: -Wire Barometer 5/10 Volt Design vrs - 5

41. Classic constant current cascode
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Measurement Supply Texas Instruments TL431
    .. were both absolutely correct. Table 6.6 in the TL431 datasheet reveals a maximum reference-voltage error of up to 2 mV per volt of cathode-to-anode voltage swing, consistent with the mediocre 20 V/40 µA = 500k active impedance he ...
    .. is to say, just how “constant” is their output held against changes in applied voltage? Frequent and expert Design Idea (DI) commentator Ashutosh Sapre was kind enough to measure this parameter for a design of mine and share ...
    Feb 5, 2026

42. Short push, long push for sequential operation of multiple power supplies
    Jayapal Ramalingam
    Circuits Supply Microcontrollers Usage Microchip ATmega328P
    .. is withdrawn first, and then the 5-V supply. Hence, one push button does both (sequential) ON and OFF functions. This Design Idea (DI) is intended for MCU-based projects. No additional components/circuitry are needed to implement this ...
    Feb 4, 2026
43. Circuit controls inrush current in ac-operated power supplies
    Peter Demchenko
    Circuits Supply Power ON Semiconductor MOC3062M
    .. circuit breaker, or you may damage the rectifier, filer chokes, or PCB (printed-circuit-board) traces. The circuit in this Design Idea inserts a current-limiting resistor in the capacitor’s charging path. It senses when the capacitor ...
    Jan 30, 2026
44. Optically isolated overcurrent detector works from ac mains
    Jaime Castelló José María Espí Marcos Arasa Rafael García-Gil
    Circuits Measurement Supply Vishay 4N25
    .. circuit in this Design Idea detects short-circuit faults or excess-current conditions in line-operated equipment, such as a UPS ...
    Jan 30, 2026
45. Tune 555 frequency over 4 decades
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Oscillators Texas Instruments LMC555
    .. minimize the effects of loading from making further contributions to instability. Nevertheless, the strong suit of this design is definitely its dynamic range. Precision? Not so much. Materials on the topic Datasheet Texas Instruments ...
    Jan 29, 2026
46. FM receiver/radio using Arduino and TEA5767
    Hesam Moshiri
    Circuits Arduino Microcontrollers Usage Radio TSC TS2937 TS2940
    .. I used the SamacSys component libraries (for IC1 and IC2) in this PCB project as usual. It saves a lot of time and prevents design mistakes which leads to a lower product cost. All SamacSys component libraries (Schematic symbols, PCB ...
    Jan 22, 2026
47. Combine two TL431 regulators to make versatile current mirror
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Analogue Design Supply ON Semiconductor TL431 TLV431 NJW21193G
    .. designs for current mirror circuits have been an active topic recently here in Design Ideas (DIs). Usually, the mirror designer’s aim is to make the mirror’s input and output currents ...
    Jan 22, 2026
48. Ignoring the regulator's reference redux
    Christopher Paul
    Circuits Analogue Design Supply Texas Instruments OPA2383 REF35 SN74AC04 TLV9151
    .. R 4 in response to an input change. V OUT now settles to ½ LSbit of a 16-bit source in 2.5 ms. Changing C 3 to 510 pF (10% COG/NPO) reduces that time to 1.4 ms. Smaller values of C 3 provide little further advantage. The V OUT ...
    .. the output of A1 react to this while driving a hypothetical U1, which is capable of producing an anomaly-free ( Ref. 4 ) 0-volt output. Figure 3. V OUT and A1’s output from Figure 1 react to a step change in V DAC . Even though V OUT ...
    .. Woodward’s “Ignoring the regulator’s reference” ( Ref. 1 ) Design Ideas (DI) (see Figure 1) is an excellent, working example of how to include a circuit in the feedback loop ...
    Jan 21, 2026
49. SCR topology transmogrifies into BJT two-wire precision current source
    Stephen Woodward
    Circuits Supply Fairchild LM317
    .. frequent Design Idea (DI) author Christopher Paul showcased an innovative and high performance true-two-wire current source using a depletion mode MOSFET as the pass device in “A precision, voltage-compliant current ...
    Jan 15, 2026
50. Tuneful track-tracing
    Nick Cornford
    Circuits Measurement Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) Microchip MCP6002
    .. be an overstatement, but just like the original PLVCO, this can be used to play tunes! A length of suitable resistance wire stretched between a couple of drawing pins should be a good start now, where’s that half-dead wire-wound ...
    .. being generated by Q4/C3/R13. (For more informative details of the circuit’s general operation, see the original Design Idea [ 1 ].) The ’scope traces in Figure 2 should clarify matters. Figure 2. Waveforms within the ...
    Jan 12, 2026

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